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2008

Coulter A. Patient Expectations a chapter in Medical Education and Training: from theory to delivery, Editors: Yvonne Carter and Neil Jackson, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2008

Redding, D, Boyd J. Data Briefing first published in Health Service Journal 23rd October 2008

Coulter A. Patients as decision-makers Chapter in Engaging patients in their Health - how the NHS needs to change Editor: Anna Dixon, The Kings Fund, 2008

2007

Howell E. Graham C. Hoffman A. Lowe D et al. Comparison of patients' assessments of the quality of stroke care with audit findings, Quality and Safety in Health Care 2007; 16 (6):450-455

Coulter, A. Informed and empowered individuals, families and communities: a whole systems approach Picker Institute Europe, 2007

Holmes-Rovner M. Nelson W. Pignone M. Elwyn G. Rovner D. O'connor A. Coulter A. Correa-de-Araujo R. Are Patient Decision Aids the Best Way to Improve Clinical Decision Making? Report of the IPDAS Symposium. Medical Decision Making 14th September 2007.

Coulter A, Finding out what patients want: ENT News, 2007; 16(4): 65-67

Coulter A. Ellins J. Effectiveness of strategies for informing, educating, and involving patients BMJ 2007; 335: 24-27 Click here to read the full article on the BMJ website or as a PDF.

Here we also list the systematic reviews and research studies examined by the authors. These tables are supplementary to the article in the BMJ.

Irvine D. Everyone is entitled to a good doctor. Medical Journal of Australia 2007; 186(5) 256-261

2006

Irvine D. Success relies on winning hearts and minds British Medical Journal 2006;333:965-966

Coulter, A. Patient safety: what role can patients play? Health Expectations 2006;9:205-206

Elwyn G, O'Connor A, Stacey D, Volk R, Edwards A, Coulter A, on behalf of the International Patient Decision Aids Standards (IPDAS) Collaboration www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Coulter, A Can patients assess the quality of health care? British Medical Journal 333:1-2 2006, London

Coulter, A. A change in the culture of care. Connect Spring 2006: 8

Coulter, A. Examining health expectations. Health Expectations 2006;9:1-2

Coulter, A. Patient engagement: why is it important? Chapter in Health Democracy: the future of involvement in health and social care Anderson E, Tritter J, Wilson R. (Eds) Involve and The NHS Centre for Involvement

2005

Coulter A. Opinion and experience: do they concur? Chapter in: Coulter A, Nye R, Pollard S. What patients really want - an analysis of NHS performance against patient-defined success measures. London: Populus, November 2005

Coulter A. What do patients and the public want from primary care? BMJ 2005; 331;1199-1201
BMJ article

Williams C. Withholding policies from patients restricts their autonomy. BMJ 2005;331;1078-1080 Full Article

Koutantji M, Davis R, Vincent C, Coulter A. The patient's role in patient safety: engaging patients, their representatives, and health professionals. Clinical Risk 2005;11:99-104

Irvine D. Patients, professionalism, and revalidation. British Medical Journal 2005;330:1265-1268

Reeves R, West E, Barron D. The Impact of barriers to providing high quality care on nurses' intentions to leave London hospitals. Journal of Health Services Research and Policy 2005;10(1):5-9

Coulter A, Jenkinson C. European patients' views on the responsiveness of health systems and healthcare providers. The European Journal of Public Health 2005 15(4):355-360; doi:10.1093/eurpub/cki004

Sweeney G, O'Hagan B, Powell C and Squire S. The Patients Accelerating Change Project: does it make any difference? Clinical Governance: An International Journal 2005;10: 72-83

2004

Chisholm A. Will the new GP contracts score points with patients? Doctor, 1 April 2004;28-29

Coulter A. What price choice. Health Expectations 2004;7:185-186

Hasman A, Holm S. Nicotine conjugate vaccine: is there a right to a smoking future? Journal of Medical Ethics 2004;30:344-348

Le Maistre N. Patient Choice: The role of nurses in supporting patients who are offered a choice of hospital. Nurse2Nurse Magazine 2004:4(5);23-25

Coulter A. When I'm 64: health choices. Health Expectations 2004;7:95-97

Coulter A. Why the ban on direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription medicine should remain in force. In Asato J. (ed) Direct to patient communication: patient empowerment or NHS burden? London: Social Market Foundation, 2004

Coulter A. Equity and choice: The lesson from elective surgery. Patient Centred Care 2004;2(2):14-15

Irvine D. Health service reforms in the United Kingdom after Bristol. MJA 2004;181(1)

Coulter A. Perspectives on health technology assessment: response from the patient's perspective. International Journal of Health Technology Assessment 2004;20(1):92-96

Coulter A. Choosing appropriate treatment: patient as decision-maker In: From medical practice variations to outcomes research and shared decision-making. Proceedings of 2002 International Meeting.

Coulter A, Rozansky D. Full engagement in health needs to begin in primary care. British Medical Journal 2004;329:1197-1198

2003

Coulter A. Patients find their voice. Health Management 2003; Sept:18-19

Coulter A. The European Patient of the Future. In Innovation and the Future of Healthcare. Conference Proceedings. June 13-14, 2003. Fontainebleau: INSEAD

Coulter A. Improving patients' experience. In: Learning to Lead. Proceedings of Institute of Healthcare Management Annual Conference 2003;114-6 London: IHM 2003

Coulter A. 'Engaging patients and citizens. In S Leatherman and K Sutherland (eds), The quest for quality in the NHS - a mid-term evaluation of the ten-year quality agenda, London: Nuffield Trust, 2003

Coulter A. Safe treatment or a shorter wait: Hobson's choice? Quality and Safety in Health Care 2003;12:5-6

Coulter A. Die Rolle von Patienten in der Bewertung der Behandlungsqualität in Krankenhäusern. In: Kranich C, Vitt K.D. (eds) Das Gesundheitswesen am Patienten orientieren. Frankfurt: Mabuse-Verlag GmbH, 2003

Coulter A. Information Therapy. Health Expectations 2003;6(4):279-280

Ham C, Coulter A. International experience of rationing. In: Ham C, Robert G. Reasonable Rationing. Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2003

Coulter A. Why it's good to talk, in any language. Patient Centred Care 2003;1(4):13

Coulter A. Patients, Power and Responsibility. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2003;96:512-513

Magee H, Davis L-J, Coulter A. Public views on healthcare performance indicators and patient choice. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2003;96:338-342

Coulter A. Citizen involvement in priority-setting. Health Expectations 2003;6(1):1-2

Coulter A. Finding a voice for the medicine-takers. Eurohealth 2003;8(5):14-16.

Coulter A. Patient information and shared decision-making in cancer care. British Journal of Cancer 2003;89(Suppl. 1):15-16

Kennedy, A D M, Sculpher M J, Coulter A, Dwyer N, Rees M, Horsley S et al. A multicentre randomised controlled trial assessing the costs and benefits of using structured information and analysis of women's preferences in the management of menorrhagia. Health Technology Assessment 2003; Vol. 7: No. 8

Coulter A. Killing the goose that laid the golden egg? BMJ 2003;326:1280

Coulter A. An unacknowledged workforce: patients as partners in healthcare. In: Davies C (ed). The future health workforce. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003

Askham J. Interpreting measures of activities of daily living. In: Bytheway B (ed) Everyday living in later life. London: Centre for Policy on Ageing/Open University 2003

Jenkinson C, Coulter A, Reeves R, Bruster S, Richards N. Properties of the Picker Patient Experience questionnaire in a randomized controlled trial of long versus short form survey instruments. Journal of Public Health Medicine 2003;25(3):197-201

Jenkinson C, Coulter A, Bruster S, Chandola T, Jones P. Factors relating to patients' reports about hospital care for coronary heart disease in England. Journal of Health Services Research Policy 2003;8:83-86

2002

Coulter A, Elwyn G. What do patients want from high-quality general practice and how do we involve them in improvement. British Journal of General Practice 2002;52(suppl):S22-S26.

Ruprecht TM. Experten fragen, Patienten antworten. Versorgungsqualität aus Sicht der Betroffenen. Arbeit und Sozialpolitik 3-4/2002:36-44

Vincent C A, Coulter A. Patient safety: what about the patient? Quality and Safety in Health Care 2002;11:76-80

Coulter A, Fitzpatrick R, Davis L-J. Patient and public perspectives on health care performance. Commission for Health Improvement, 2002.

Coulter A. Involving patients: representation or representativeness? Editorial. Health Expectations 2002;5(1):1

Kennedy A D M, Sculpher M J, Coulter A, Dwyer N, Rees M, Abrams K R, Horsley S, Cowley D, Kidson C, Kirwin C, Naish C, Stirrat G. Effects of decision aids for menorrhagia on treatment choices, health outcomes, and costs. JAMA 2002; 288:2701-8

Coulter A. Patients' views of the good doctor: doctors have to earn patients' trust. British Medical Journal 2002;325:668-9

Coulter A. What ever happened to shared decision-making? Health Expectations 2002;5(3):185-186

Coulter A. After Bristol: putting patients at the centre. BMJ 2002;324:648-51

Heidegger T, Husemann Y, Nuebling M, Morf D. et al. Patient satisfaction with anaesthesia care: development of a psychometric questionnaire and benchmarking among six hospitals in Switzerland and Austria. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2002; 89 (6)

Jenkinson C, Coulter A, Bruster S, Richards N, Chandola T. Patient experiences and satisfaction with health care: results of a questionnaire study of specific aspects of care. Quality and Safety in Health Care 2002;11:335-339

Coulter A, Cleary P. Measuring and improving patients' experiences: How can we make health care systems work for patients? Measuring up: improving health systems performance in OECD countries. Paris: OECD, 2002

Jenkinson C, Chandola T, Fitzpatrick R, Peto V, Swash M and the ALS-HPS Steering Group. Use of the SF-36 health survey in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: tests of data quality, score reliability, response rate and scaling assumptions. J Neurol. 2002 Feb;249(2):178-83.

Jenkinson C, Coulter A, Bruster S, Richards N. The coronary heart disease in-patient experience questionnaire (I-PEQ(CHD)): Results from the survey of National Health Service patients. Quality of Life Research 2002;11:721-727

Jenkinson C, Coulter A, Bruster S. The Picker Patient Experience Questionnaire: development and validation using data from in-patient surveys in five countries. International Journal for Quality in Health Care 2002:14(5):353-358

Jenkinson C, Coulter A, Gyll R, Lindström P, Avner L, Höglund E. Measuring the experiences of health care for patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSD): development of the Picker MSD questionnaire. Scand J Caring Sci 2002;329-333

Lilford R. Stop meddling and let us get on. Observer 27 January, 2002

2001

Ruprecht TM. Die Crux mit der 'Zufriedenheit'. KMA Dezember 2001:52-53

Coulter A. Patients' experience and expectations: the international context. Proceedings of UK Treasury Health Trends Review Conference, Barbican Centre, London 18th October 2001.

Coulter A. Separare il grano dal loglio. Ricerca Roche: Il paziente. Settembre 2001, 23-25

Coulter A. Public access to health information. Issues in European Health Policy, July 2001

Ruprecht TM. Patientenerfahrungen als Qualitätsindikator - das Picker-Modell. In: Satzinger W, Trojan A, Kellermann-Mühlhoff P (Hrg.) (2001): Patientenbefragungen in Krankenhäusern. Konzepte, Methoden, Erfahrungen. St. Augustin, 181-194 (Asgard-Verlag, ISBN 3-537-25015-0).

Coulter A. Information or advertising? Editorial. Health Expectations 2001;4(4):203-4

Coulter A. Patients and research. Health Expectations 2001;4(1):1

Coulter A. Patients and the NHS. In: P. Merry (ed). Wellards NHS Handbook 2001-2002, 16e, JMH Publishing Ltd, 2001;250-254

Ham C, Coulter A. Explicit and implicit rationing: taking responsibility and avoiding blame for health care choices. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 2001,6: 163-169

Coulter A. Chapter 16. The Future. In: Edwards A, Elwyn G J (eds). Evidence-based patient choice. Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 308-321

Coulter A. Patient-centered decision making: empowering women to make informed choices. Women's Health Issues 2001;11:325-330

Florin D, Coulter A. Partnership in the primary care consultation. In: F. Brooks, S. Gillam (eds) User involvement in primary care. King's Fund, 2001, pp. 44-59

Murray E, Davis H, See Tai S, Coulter A, Gray A, Haines A. Randomised controlled trial of an interactive multimedia decision aid on benign prostatic hypertrophy in primary care. BMJ 2001;323:493-496

Murray E, Davis H, See Tai S, Coulter A, Gray A, Haines A. Randomised controlled trial of an interactive multimedia decision aid on hormone replacement therapy in primary care. BMJ 2001;323:490-493

Airey C, Bruster S, Calderwood L, Erens B, Pitson L, Prior G, Richards N. National Survey of NHS Patients: Coronary Heart Disease 1999. National Report: Summary of Findings. London: NHS Executive, 2001

Coulter A, Cleary P D. Patients' experiences with hospital care in five countries. Health Affairs 2001; 20(3):244-252

Coulter A. Quality of hospital care: measuring patients' experiences. Proceedings of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 2001;31:34-36

Coulter A. Which patients get the worst deal? OECD Observer 2001;229:29-3.1

Draper M, Cohen P, Buchan H. Seeking consumer views: what use are results of hospital patient satisfaction surveys? International Journal for Quality in Health Care 2001;6:463-468

Fremont A, Cleary P, Hargraves JL, Rowe R, Jacobson N, Ayanian J. Patient-centered processes of care and long-term outcomes of myocardial infarction. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2001;16:800-808

Gulacsi L. Hungarian health care in transition, ch 5. University of Amsterdam: Department of Social Medicine, 2001

Cathienie F, Di Florio V, Picard-Kossovosky M, Perneger T, Burnand B. Projet qualité hôpitaux universitaires de Genève - Hospices cantonaux : évaluation comparative de quatre questionnaires de satisfaction des patients hospitalisés. Lausanne : Institut universitaire de médecine sociale et préventive, 2001 (Raisons de santé, 61).

Hargraves JL, Wilson IB, Zaslavsky A, James C, Walker JD, Rogers G, Cleary PD. Adjusting for patient characteristics when analyzing reports from patients about hospital care. Medical Care 2001;39(6):635-641

Jenkinson C, Chandola T, Coulter A, Bruster S. An assessment of the construct validity of the SF-12 summary scores across ethnic groups. Journal of Public Health Medicine 2001;23:187-194

Appleby J. Data briefing: Coronary Heart Disease. Health Service Journal 22 February, 2001:33

Laurence J. Heart patients suffer lottery of care in NHS. The Independent 30 January, 2001

Gadher D, Milich E. Patient distrust of doctors revealed. The Sunday Times 21 January, 2001

2000

Coulter A. Decision aids for patients. Business Briefing for World Medical Association: Global Health Care. World Markets Research Centre. October 2000

Coulter A. Supporting shared decision-making in the clinical setting: how should we assess the effects of patient decision aids? Proceedings of INSERM Workshop no. 114, Provence, France, 20/21 April 2000

Coulter A. Communication and context. Health Expectations 2000;4:223

Ruprecht TM, Beck W (2000): "Nil nocere" – nicht schaden. Tod durch medizinische (Fehl-)Behandlungen. In: Dr.med.Mabuse 25:124,10-11.

Ruprecht TM. (2000) Akkreditierung und Zertifizierung im Gesundheitswesen. Qualität "through the patient's eyes". In: Möller J, Bach A, Sonntag HG (2000): TQM im Gesundheitswesen. Akkreditierung und Zertifizierung mit Audits? DIN ISO? EFQM? KTQ? QMK? Heidelberg, 111-122 (Vortrag auf der 7. Jahrestagung zum Qualitätsmanagement im Gesundheitswesen des Universitätsklinikums Heidelberg, 6.10.2000).

Ruprecht TM. Qualität "through the patient's eyes". Patienten Befragung nach Picker - ein amerikanisches System in Europa, BALK-Info, 2000;44(8):24-25

Ruprecht TM (2000) Welche Evidenz will der Patient? In: Kunz R, Ollenschläger G, Raspe H, Jonitz G, Kolkmann FW: Lehrbuch Evidenzbasierte Medizin in Klinik und Praxis. Köln 2000, 62-68.

Straw P, Bruster S, Richards N, Lilley S. Sit up, take notice. Health Service Journal 2000;5704:24-26

Ruprecht TM (2000): Qualität quo vadis - die Perspektive der Patienten.(Vortrag auf dem 3. Goslarer Kongreß der Harzkliniken "Qualität in der Medizin", November 1999).In: Qualität in der Gesundheitsversorgung – Newsletter der GQMG 2000, 7:9-14.

Coulter A, Ham C. [eds] The Global Challenge of Health Care Rationing. Open University Press, 2000

Coulter A. Citizens and patients as partners in health services: An overview of various methodologies to include citizens and patients in decision making. In: Information and Communication in Health, European Health Forum Gastein Congress Report, 2000, 15

Coulter A. Four challenges for NHS policy-makers. In: A. Hill (ed) What's gone wrong with health care? London: King's Fund, 2000, pp. 99-107

Coulter, A. (2000). Stärkung des Einflusses von Patienten, Verbrauchern und Bürgern - die Effektivität politischer Instrumente. In: BZgA (Hrsg.). Bürgerbeteiligung im Gesundheitswesen - eine länderübergreifende Herausforderung. Forschung und Praxis der Gesundheitsförderung, Band 10. Köln, BZgA, S. 138-151. Verfügbar unter:

Ham C, Coulter A. Health rationing: the chosen ones. Guardian. March 15, 2000

Coulter A, Fitzpatrick R. The patient's perspective regarding appropriate health care. In Albrecht G L, Fitzpatrick R, Scrimshaw S C (eds) The handbook of social studies in health and medicine. London: Sage Publications, 2000, pp. 454-464

Coulter A. Promoting realistic expectations. Health Expectations 2000;3(3):159-160

Llewellyn-Thomas H, Holmes-Rovner M, O'Connor A, Coulter A, Entwistle, Rovner D. The role of decision aids in shared decision making: mapping the future. Proceedings of the School of Health Care Research Seminar Series 2000 pp. 53-74. Oxford Brook

Young GJ, Meterko M, Desai KR. Patient satisfaction with hospital care: effects of demographic and institutional characteristics. Medical Care 2000;38(3):325-334

Chandola T, Jenkinson C. The new UK National Statistics Socio-economic classification: investigating social class differences in SF-36 scores. Journal of Public Health Medicine 2000;22:182-190

Chandola T, Jenkinson C. Validating self rated health in different ethnic groups. Ethnicity and Health 2000;5:151-59

Salisbury C, Trivella M, Bruster S. Demand for and supply of out of hours care. BMJ 2000;320:618-21

1999

Gerteis M. Conference overview: through the patient's eyes:- improvement strategies that work. Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement. July 1999:25(7) 335-342

Loosen W, Ruprecht TM: Streit um Patientencharta. Misstrauensvotum gegen die Æ'rzteschaft?MÂ Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 1999;142:50-51

Ruprecht TM, Gruhl M, Kranich C: Wer gibt dem Patienten Recht? In Gesundheit & Gesellschaft 1999;2(6):22-26/28-29

Ruprecht TM (1999): Der Patient – das unbekannte Wesen?! Oder: Was wollen Patient(inn)en wirklich? In: QualiMed 1:23-27

Ruprecht TM (1999) Patientenerfahrungen statt "Zufriedenheit". Ein Eckstein für Managed Care. Perspectives on Managed Care 2:3,7-10.

Coulter A. Seeking the views of citizens. Health Expectations 1999;2(4):219-221

Coulter A. Patients' charters. Health Expectations 1999;2(3):147-149

Coulter A, Entwistle V, Gilbert D. Sharing decisions with patients: is the information good enough? BMJ 1999;318:318-322

Coulter A. Paternalism or partnership? BMJ 1999;319:719-720 (guest editor of special theme issue)

Coulter A. Shared decision-making: a summary and future issues. In : Maslin A, and Powles T [eds], Breast Cancer - Sharing the Decision, Oxford University Press 1999, 99-108.

Rogers G, Smith DP. Reporting comparative results from hospital patient surveys. International Journal for Quality in Health Care 1999;11(3):251-259

Cleary PD. The increasing importance of patient surveys. British Medical Journal 1999;319:720-1

Jenkinson C, Stewart-Brown S, Petersen S, Paice C. Assessment of the SF-36 Version II in the United Kingdom. Journal of Epidemiology and Commmunity Health 1999;53: 46-50

Jenkinson C. Comparison of UK and US methods for weighting and scoring the SF-36 summary measures. Journal of Public Health Medicine 1999;21:372-76

1998

Höglund E. Vad tycker patienterna om vården? Delrapport från en provstudie med Picker-metoden. Stockholm: Spri, 1998 (Spri rapport 470).

Ruprecht TM. Experten Fragen, Patienten antworten. Patientenzentrierte Qualitätsbewertung von Gesundheitsdienstleistungen - Konzepte, Methoden, praktische Beispiele. Schriftenreihe Forum Sozial- und Gesundheitspolitik, Bd. 12. Sankt Augustin 1998

Coulter A, Entwistle V, Gilbert D. Informing Patients: an assessment of the quality of patient information materials. London: King's Fund, 1998

Coulter A. Evidence-based patient information is important so there needs to be a national strategy to ensure it. BMJ 1998;317:225-6

Airey C, Bruster S, Erens B, Lilley S, Pickering K, Pitson L. National Survey of NHS Patients: General Practice 1998. London: NHS Executive, 1999

Cleary PD, McNeil BJ. Patient satisfaction as an indicator of quality care. Inquiry 1988; 25:25-36

1997

Cleary PD, Edgman-Levitan S. Health care quality: Incorporating consumer perspectives. JAMA 1997;278(19):1608-1612

Edgman-Levitan S, Cleary PD. What information do consumers want and need? Health Affairs 1996;15:42-56

Coulter A. Partnerships with patients : the pros and cons of shared clinical decision-making. Journal of Health Services Research and Policy 1997;2:112-121

Coulter A. 'Medicine and the media' in Jones, R., Britten, N., Culpepper, L., Gass, D. et al (eds), Oxford Textbook of Primary Medical Care - Vol. 1: Principles and Concepts, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 107-111

1996

Lorentzon M, Salisbury C, Bruster S, Weston D. Listening to patients in the National Health Service: a selective review of literature on patients' views about outpatient services in British hospitals. Journal of Nursing Management 1996;4(3):163-9

Laine C, Delbanco TL, et al. Important elements of outpatient care: a comparison of patients' and physicians' opinions. Annals of Internal Medicine. October 15, 1996. Vol 125(8):640-645

1995

Weston D, Bruster S, Lorentzon M, Bosanquet N. The management of quality assurance in nursing. Journal of Nursing Management 1995;3(5):229-36 (www.heilberufe-online.de/pflege/zeitschriften/balk/akt.html)

Delbanco TL. Quality of care through the patient's eyes: satisfaction surveys are just the start of an emerging science. British Medical Journal 1995;313:832-33

Stevens L, Wedderburn Tate C, Bruster S. What the patients said. Health Service Journal 1995;5436:29

Wedderburn Tate C, Bruster S, Broadley K, Maxwell E, Stevens L. What do patients really think? Health Service Journal 1995;5435:18-20

1994

Bruster S, Jarman B, Bosanquet N, Weston D, Erens B, Delbanco TL. National survey of hospital patients. British Medical Journal 1994;309:1542-9

1993

Cleary PD, Edgman-Levitan S, Walker J, Gerteis M, Delbanco TL. Using patient reports to improve medical care: a preliminary report from ten hospitals. Quality Management in Health Care 1993; 2(1): 31-38

Gerteis M, et al, eds. Through the Patient's Eyes: Understanding and promoting Patient Centered Care. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1993

Gerteis M, et al. What patients really want. Health Management Quarterly. Third quarter, 1993

1992

Delbanco TL. Enriching the doctor-patient relationship by inviting the patient's perspective. Annals of Internal MedicineMarch 1, 1992;116(5):414-418

1991

Cleary PD, Edgman-Levitan S, Roberts M, Moloney TW, McMullen W, Walker JD, et al. Patients evaluate their hospital care: a national survey. Health Affairs 1991;10:254-67

Holmes-Rovner M, Llewellyn-Thomas H, Entwistle V, Coulter A, O'Connor A, Rovner D R. Patient choice modules for summaries of clinical effectiveness: a proposal. BMJ 2001;322:664-667